FreeLAMP.com

ps -Zef �ض� Zonename �Ľ��취

�� — 2007-10-18

Solaris 10 �� ZONE ��㼼��ս��Ӧ�á��ɽ�� ps -Zef ��ʾ�� ZONE Name �İ취��
ps -Zef ֻ��ʾ 8 ��ַ�� zonename �� ֻ�� ps -o ��ʾ�İ취��ʾ�� zonename ��⡣

# ps -ef -o user,zone,nlwp,stime,args

�Ż� PHP �� 40 ��С��

�� — 2007-10-15

ժ�ԣ� http://reinholdweber.com/?p=3

40 Tips for optimizing your php Code

1. If a method can be static, declare it static. Speed improvement is by a factor of 4.
2. echo is faster than print.
3. Set the maxvalue for your for-loops before and not in the loop.
4. Unset your variables to free memory, especially large arrays.
5. Avoid magic like __get, __set, __autoload
6. require_once() is expensive
7. Use full paths in includes and requires, less time spent on resolving the OS paths.
8. If you need to find out the time when the script started executing, $_SERVER[��REQUEST_TIME��] is preferred to time()
9. See if you can use strncasecmp, strpbrk and stripos instead of regex
10. str_replace is faster than preg_replace, but strtr is faster than str_replace by a factor of 4
11. If the function, such as string replacement function, accepts both arrays and single characters as arguments, and if your argument list is not too long, consider writing a few redundant replacement statements, passing one character at a time, instead of one line of code that accepts arrays as search and replace arguments.
12. Error suppression with @ is very slow.
13. $row[��id��] is 7 times faster than $row[id]
14. Error messages are expensive
15. Do not use functions inside of for loop, such as for ($x=0; $x < count($array); $x) The count() function gets called each time.
16. Incrementing a local variable in a method is the fastest. Nearly the same as calling a local variable in a function.
17. Incrementing a global variable is 2 times slow than a local var.
18. Incrementing a object property (eg. $this->prop++) is 3 times slower than a local variable.
19. Incrementing an undefined local variable is 9-10 times slower than a pre-initialized one.
20. Just declaring a global variable without using it in a function also slows things down (by about the same amount as incrementing a local var). PHP probably does a check to see if the global exists.
21. Method invocation appears to be independent of the number of methods defined in the class because I added 10 more methods to the test class (before and after the test method) with no change in performance.
22. Methods in derived classes run faster than ones defined in the base class.
23. A function call with one parameter and an empty function body takes about the same time as doing 7-8 $localvar++ operations. A similar method call is of course about 15 $localvar++ operations.
24. Surrounding your string by ' instead of " will make things interpret a little faster since php looks for variables inside "..." but not inside '...'. Of course you can only do this when you don't need to have variables in the string.
25. When echoing strings it's faster to separate them by comma instead of dot. Note: This only works with echo, which is a function that can take several strings as arguments.
26. A PHP script will be served at least 2-10 times slower than a static HTML page by Apache. Try to use more static HTML pages and fewer scripts.
27. Your PHP scripts are recompiled every time unless the scripts are cached. Install a PHP caching product to typically increase performance by 25-100% by removing compile times.
28. Use memcached - memcached is a high-performance memory object caching system intended to speed up dynamic web applications by alleviating database load
29. Use ip2long() and long2ip() to store IP addresses as integers instead of strings in a database. This will reduce the storage space by almost a factor of four (15 bytes for char(15) vs. 4 bytes for the integer), make it easier to calculate whether a certain address falls within a range, and speed-up searches and sorts (sometimes by quite a bit).
30. Partially validate email addresses by checking that the domain name exists with checkdnsrr(). This built-in function checks to ensure that a specified domain name resolves to an IP address. A simple user-defined function that builds on checkdnsrr() to partially valid email addresses can be found in the user comments section in the PHP docs. This is handy for catching those occasional folks who think their email address is ��joeuser@wwwphp.net�� instead of ��joeuser@php.net��.
31. If you��re using PHP 5 with MySQL 4.1 or above, consider ditching the mysql_* functions for the improved mysqli_* functions. One nice feature is that you can use prepared statements, which may speed up queries if you maintain a database-intensive website. Some benchmarks.
32. Learn to love the ternary operator.
33. If you get the feeling that you might be reinventing the wheel during a project, check PEAR before you write another line. PEAR is a great resource that many PHP developers are aware of, yet many more are not. It��s an online repository containing over 400 reusable snippets that can be dropped right into your PHP application. Unless your project is trully unique, you ought to be able to find a PEAR package that saves at least a little time. (Also see PECL)
34. Automatically print a nicely formatted copy of a page��s source code with highlight_file().This function is handy for when you need to ask for some assistance with a script in a messageboard, IRC, etc. Obviously, some care must be taken not to accidently show your source when it contains DB connection information, passwords, etc.
35. Prevent potentially sensitive error messages from being shown to users with the error_reporting(0) function. Ideally error reporting should be completely disabled on a production server from within php.ini. However if you��re on a shared webhost and you aren��t given your own php.ini, then your best bet is to add error_reporting(0); as the first line in each of your scripts (or use it with require_once().) This will prevent potentially sensitive SQL queries and path names from being displayed if things go awry.
36. Use gzcompress() and gzuncompress() to transparently compress/decompress large strings before storing them in a database. These built-in functions use the gzip algorithm and can compress plaintext up to 90%. I use these functions almost everytime I read/write to a BLOB field within PHP. The only exception is when I need full text indexing capabilities.
37. Return multiple values from a function with ��by reference�� parameters. Like the ternary operator, most PHP developers who come from a more formalized programming background already know this one. However, those who��s background is more HTML than Pascal, probably have wondered at one time ��how do I get multiple values back from a function I wrote, even though I can only use one return value?�� The answer is that you precede a variable with ��&�� and use it ��by reference�� instead of ��by value��.
38. Fully understand ��magic quotes�� and the dangers of SQL injection. I��m hoping that most developers reading this are already familiar with SQL injection. However, I list it here because it��s absolutely critical to understand. If you��ve never heard the term before, spend the entire rest of the day googling and reading.
39. When working with strings and you need to check that the string is either of a certain length you'd understandably would want to use the strlen() function. This function is pretty quick since it's operation does not perform any calculation but merely return the already known length of a string available in the zval structure (internal C struct used to store variables in PHP). However because strlen() is a function it is still somewhat slow because the function call requires several operations such as lowercase & hashtable lookup followed by the execution of said function. In some instance you can improve the speed of your code by using a isset() trick.

Ex.
if (strlen($foo) < 5) { echo "Foo is too short"; }
vs.
if (!isset($foo{5})) { echo "Foo is too short"; }

Calling isset() happens to be faster then strlen() because unlike strlen(), isset() is a language construct and not a function meaning that it's execution does not require function lookups and lowercase. This means you have virtually no overhead on top of the actual code that determines the string's length.
40. When incrementing or decrementing the value of the variable $i++ happens to be a tad slower then ++$i. This is something PHP specific and does not apply to other languages, so don't go modifying your C or Java code thinking it'll suddenly become faster, it won't. ++$i happens to be faster in PHP because instead of 4 opcodes used for $i++ you only need 3. Post incrementation actually causes in the creation of a temporary var that is then incremented. While pre-incrementation increases the original value directly. This is one of the optimization that opcode optimized like Zend's PHP optimizer. It is a still a good idea to keep in mind since not all opcode optimizers perform this optimization and there are plenty of ISPs and servers running without an opcode optimizer.
41. Excellent Article about optimizing php by John Lim

�Ͱ汾 Client �� MySQL 4.1 ��ϰ汾�Ŀ��

�� — 2007-08-20

һ�㶼�� tarball ��ķ�ʽ��װ LAMP��һ�� RHES 4.1 �� Red Hat �ϰ�װ�� MySQL ��ɾ��ϵ� 4.1.20 �汾�󣬰�װ�� MySQL ��վ�ϵ�

MySQL-server-standard-4.1.22-0.rhel4.i386.rpm
MySQL-client-standard-4.1.22-0.rhel4.i386.rpm
MySQL-devel-standard-4.1.22-0.rhel4.i386.rpm

MySQL ��ˣ� ��ԭ�� php-mysql ȴ��֧�� PHP �ˡ�
ֻ��ͨ�� rpmfind ��

php-mysql-4.3.11-2.8
php-pear-4.3.11-2.8
php-4.3.11-2.8

PHP �� MySQL ֧�֣��ǳ��´��

Client does not support authentication protocol requested by server; consider upgrading MySQL client

��İ취��ǣ�

mysql> set PASSWORD FOR 'miska'@'localhost' = OLD_PASSWORD('muska');

�� Binary �� rpm ��װ��Щ ��Щ LAMP ��ȷʵ�鷳��

==== ��Ҫ�õ��һЩ rpm ��
��Ѿ��װ�� PHP ��

#rpm -qa|grep -i php
php-mysql-4.3.11-2.8
php-pear-4.3.11-2.8
php-4.3.11-2.8

ǿ��ɾ�� rpm -e --nodeps php-4.3.11-2.8
��װ�� rpm -ivh php-mysql-4.3.11-2.8.i386.rpm

��ļ��
rpm -qil php-4.3.11-2.8

/etc/httpd/conf.d/php.conf
/etc/pear.conf
/etc/php.d
/etc/php.ini
/usr/bin/php
/usr/lib/httpd/modules/libphp4.so
/usr/lib/php4
/usr/share/doc/php-4.3.11
/var/lib/php
/var/lib/php/session

sendmail ��

�� — 2007-06-22

һ��Ĭ�ϰ�װ�Ժ�Ĳ��ϵͳ�� sendmail ��һ��Ը��У��ܼ��õ��Ҫ�޸ĵĲ��
1. DaemonPortOptions �޸� sendmail �� ַ�Ͷ˿ڣ��޸� HELO ��֡�

http://www.sendmail.org/~gshapiro/8.10.Training/DaemonPortOptions.html

2.MX list for hostname points back to hostname

http://www.sendmail.org/faq/section4.html#4.5

3. /etc/aliases ��붨��

MAILER-DAEMON: root
postmaster: root
nobody: /dev/null

http://www.unet.univie.ac.at/aix/aixbman/commadmn/ml_alias.htm

ȡ��PHP��е� short_open_tag

�� — 2007-06-10

һЩ�ϵ� PHP ��򣬲�� short_open_tag ��
<?
��ͷ�� PHP ��
<?php

��취�� Perl �� pie ��䣬һ�д��޸��е� short_open_tag Ϊ��׼ tag.

# find . -name "*.php" |xargs perl -pi -e 's/\<\?$/\<\?php/g'

�޸��ɺ󣬲�Ҫ��޸� php.ini ��

short_open_tag = Off

Ȼ�� Apache

# bin/apachectl graceful

��֤�޸��Ƿ��ȷ��

�� Sun �� AMP ��(Cool Stack) ��Լ�� Blog ��

�� — 2007-05-30

��Щ��һ��ϲ��Լ��ֵ��˵��Ҫ֪��Ǹ�ʲô�ģ��֪��ľ��ص�ַ�ˡ�

Sun �� Cool Stack ��Ͽ��Դ��أ�
http://cooltools.sunsource.net/coolstack/

Cool Stack �� Sun �Ż��Ժ��һ�׿��Դ��ϣ��°汾 1.1 ��

* CSKamp. �� Apache2, MySQL5 �� PHP5
* CSKmysql. ��Ҫ�� 64 λ�� MySQL��밲װ��
* CSKperl. ��˺ܶ� Perl ��չ
* CSKphplibsBundle. ��Ҫ PHP ��չ�Ļ��Ҫ��װ�ð�
* CSKmemcached. memcached, �ֲ�ʽ��󻺳�ϵͳ
* CSKruby. �� ruby, rubygems and rails.
* CSKsquid. �� Squid Web Proxy Cache.
* CSKtomcat. �� Apache Tomcat

��Ľ�ͨ��ܰ�װ WordPress 2.0 �Ĺ��Զ� Cool Stack �бȽ��ϸ��˽⡣

��Ľ��ܵ��Ҫ Solaris 10 ��ϵͳ��֧�֡�

1��أ�
# mkdir /var/tmp/CoolStack
# cd /var/tmp/CoolStack
# ftp ftp.sunfreeware.com
user:ftp
password:youremail@yourcompany.com
cd /pub/freeware/CSK/
bin
get CSKamp_x86.pkg.bz2
get CSKmysql_x86.pkg.bz2
bye

2��װ��
# bunzip2 CSKamp_x86.pkg.bz2 CSKmysql_x86.pkg.bz2
# pkgadd -d CSKamp_x86.pkg.bz2
# pkgadd -d CSKmysql_x86.pkg

3�� Apache
# vi /opt/coolstack/apache2/conf/httpd.conf

�޸�� Web Server ��û��
�޸� ServerName
�޸� ServerAdmin
�޸� DirectoryIndex Ϊ
DirectoryIndex index.html index.php
�� # /opt/coolstack/apache2/bin/apachectl start
��д��󣬲鿴 ErrorLog:
# tail -100f /opt/coolstack/apache2/logs/error_log

��ԭ�Ȱ�װ�� Sun �� Apache ��
# svcadm disable apache2
# svcadm refresh apache2

Ȼ��Ƴ��İ��ѡ��
SUNWapchd
SUNWapchu
SUNWapchr
SUNWapch2d
SUNWapch2u
SUNWapch2r
SUNWaclg

4�� PHP
�� Web Ŀ¼�½��һ�� test.php
<?php
phpinfo()?
?>
��ļ�� Web Server Name Ϊ freelamp.com��
��룺 http://freelamp.com/test.php Ӧ�û��ʾ PHP �ı��ȡ�

5�� MySQL
�� # isainfo -b ��Ƿ� 64 λ
��64 �� MySQL Ŀ¼Ϊ /opt/coolstack/mysql��32�Ļ��Ϊ�� /opt/coolstack/mysql_32bit

�� mysql �û��
#groupadd mysql;useradd -g mysql mysql

��װ��ʼ��ݿ⣺
# $MYSQL_DIR/bin/mysql_install_db
# chown -R mysql $MYSQL_DIR/var
��
# $MYSQL_DIR/bin/mysqld_safe &

��ʧ�ܣ�� $MYSQL_DIR/var Ŀ¼�µ� `hostname`.err �ļ�
# tail -100f `hostname`.err

6��ز��װ WordPress
��أ�
# cd /var/tmp
# wget http://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz

��ѹ��
# cd /opt/coolstack/apache2/htdocs
# gzcat /var/tmp/latest.tar.gz|tar xf -

��ļ��
# cd wordpress
# mv wp-config-sample.php wp-config.php
# vi wp-config.php
define('DB_NAME', 'wordpress'); // The name of the database
define('DB_USER', 'wordpress'); // Your MySQL username
define('DB_PASSWORD', 'wordpress'); // ...and password

��ݿ⣺
�� MySQL ��У�
# /opt/coolstack/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot
mysql> create database wordpress
mysql> grant all on wordpress.* to wordpress@localhost identified by 'wordpress';

�� Web ��ã�
http://freelamp.com/wordpress/
��ݿ��û�д��Ļ��ϵͳ��ʾ�� install.php ��װ��ݣ�
��װ�ɹ��󣬼�¼ admin ��¼��ɹ��Լ�� Blog �ˡ�

Sun �� Cool Stack ��Ϊ��۵�Ӧ��Ǿ��Ż�� MySQL 64 λ�汾��в��

Apache �ṩ�Ĳ�� worker ģ�飬��ϵ� prefork.c ģ�顣
PHP û��ṩ Zend Optimizer

��¼��

A. ��ݿ��İ汾(32 �� 64)��

bash-3.00# file bin/mysqld
bin/mysqld: ELF 64-bit LSB executable AMD64 Version 1, dynamically linked, not stripped, no debugging information available
bash-3.00# file ../mysql_32bit/bin/mysqld
../mysql_32bit/bin/mysqld: ELF 32-bit LSB executable 80386 Version 1, dynamically linked, not stripped, no debugging information available

B.�鿴��ݿ�֧�ֵ��棺

mysql> show engines;
+------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Engine | Support | Comment |
+------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| MyISAM | DEFAULT | Default engine as of MySQL 3.23 with great performance |
| MEMORY | YES | Hash based, stored in memory, useful for temporary tables |
| InnoDB | YES | Supports transactions, row-level locking, and foreign keys |
| BerkeleyDB | NO | Supports transactions and page-level locking |
| BLACKHOLE | NO | /dev/null storage engine (anything you write to it disappears) |
| EXAMPLE | NO | Example storage engine |
| ARCHIVE | YES | Archive storage engine |
| CSV | NO | CSV storage engine |
| ndbcluster | NO | Clustered, fault-tolerant, memory-based tables |
| FEDERATED | NO | Federated MySQL storage engine |
| MRG_MYISAM | YES | Collection of identical MyISAM tables |
| ISAM | NO | Obsolete storage engine |
+------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+

C.�鿴 Apache ��ģ�飺

bash-3.00# /opt/coolstack/apache2/bin/httpd -l
Compiled in modules:
core.c
prefork.c
http_core.c
mod_so.c

��Ҳ�� http://samp.nalai.net/57600

��й� Solaris �ϵ� AMP ��£��ڣ�

http://samp.nalai.net/

�� PHP ˮƽ

�� — 2007-05-18

�� Unix Review �Ͽ��˼�Ĳ��ԣ��ʹ�ҹ��
UnixReview.com
May 2007
Test Your Knowledge of PHP
by Emmett Dulaney

From: http://www.unixreview.com/documents/s=10130/ur0705d/

Increasingly, PHP seems to be the tool/language that is used to make Web sites dynamic. While it is far from the only open source scripting language available, PHP's abilities and features are quickly making it not only a must-have in the Web world but also a topic on many certification exams. Following are fifty questions on PHP at the knowledge level found on beginning/intermediate certification exams. Good luck (answers are at the end of the article)!

1. What is the closing tag used by a PHP-driven web page?

A. />
B. #>
C. ?>
D. .>

2. Which PHP conditional operator means the values are equal AND of the same data type?

A. ==
B. ||
C. ===
D. ==?

3. Which of the following statements is true regarding variables in PHP (choose two)?

A. Variable names in PHP are case sensitive.
B. Variable names in PHP are not case sensitive.
C. PHP variables need to be declared before they can be used.
D. PHP variables do not need to be declared before they can be used.

4. You are evaluating a script written by a previous employee. That script contains a require statement that causes the script to exit when an error occurs. You want to change this so the script will generate a warning when such an error occurs, but keep on running. What should you replace require with?

A. involve
B. need
C. include
D. call_for

5. Which of the following does not represent a comment in a PHP script?

A. // This is a comment
B. <?comment This is a comment />
C. # This is a comment
D. /* This is a comment */

6. Which escape character in PHP renders a linefeed?

A. \n
B. \r
C. \t
D. \\

7. What file is used to configure global PHP settings? ______________ (Fill in the blank.)

8. If the value of $AU is currently 7, what is its value as a result of the command $AU++;

A. 8
B. 9
C. 14
D. 49

9. Which printf type specifier is used for a floating point value?

A. d
B. f
C. s
D. u

10. Which PHP logical operator is used to see if both a and b are true?

A. a & b
B. a && b
C. a | b
D. a || b

11. If an array holds 100 entries, which identifier signifies the first entry?

A. 100
B. 99
C. 1
D. 0

12. What function must be called to send the random number generator before array_rand()?

A. limit()
B. scope()
C. srand()
D. hinum()

13. Which two choices below represent the default order resulting from a sort utilizing asort()?

A. A-Z
B. Z-A
C. 0-9
D. 9-0

14. Which of the following is not true for variable names?

A. They can contain an underscore character
B. They can begin with a numeric character
C. They can begin with an alpha character
D. They can contain alphanumeric characters

15. What is the opening tag used on a PHP-driven web page?

A. <?php
B. <php
C. </php
D. <P

16. What are used to separate blocks of statements within a control structure?

A. brackets [ ]
B. parentheses ( )
C. curly braces { }
D. quotation marks ""

17. Which function can be used to assign a data type to a variable?

A. assign
B. assigntype
C. settype
D. type

18. Which HTTP variable contains the IP address of the machine making a request?

A. ADDR_IP
B. ADDR
C. IP_ADDR
D. REMOTE_ADDR

19. You are creating a simple form for web users to send you a message. Which method should be used with that form?

A. POST
B. GET
C. SEND
D. READ

20. Within your PHP script, you are performing a division operation on two variables. What data type is assigned to the division result, by default, if it is a fractional result?

A. integer
B. double
C. string
D. Boolean

21. Which mode of the fopen() function opens a file for reading or writing, maintains exiting content, and places the file pointer at the beginning of the file?

A. w
B. a
C. r+
D. w+

22. Which function can be used to copy a file?

A. copy()
B. clone()
C. rename()
D. repr()

23. Which of the following is used to set a cookie to expire 24 hours from now?

A. $cookie_expire = time() +24
B. $cookie_expire = time() +1440
C. $cookie_expire = time() +86400

24. Which character is used as a statement terminator to indicate the end of a PHP command?

A. =
B. #
C. |
D. ;

25. Which of the following commands will initialize the $days array?

A. $days = ()
B. $days = array();
C. $days = ""
D. $days = initialize [ ]
E. 12345
F. 12,3,45
G. 1{2,3,4}5

26. What function can be used to see if a file exists?

A. file()
B. file_there()
C. exist_file()
D. file_exists()

27. To create a cookie, your code uses the following entry: SetCookie ("user", "Emmett Dulaney", time() +1800); Which of the following is the best to use to see the value "Emmett Dulaney"?

A. $user
B. $COOKIE[user]
C. $_COOKIE[user]
D. $COOKIE_user

28. Which of the following should be used to combine two or more existing arrays?

A. array_add()
B. array_merge()
C. array_join()
D. array_combine()

29. What function is used to determine whether a session has been started for the current user and then start one if necessary? __________ (Fill in the blank.)

30. After opening a file with the fopen() function, what is used to close the file pointer?

A. fclose()
B. close()
C. die()
D. end()

31. Which of the following functions can be used to show the data type for the $remain variable?

A. echo show($remain);
B. echo gettype($remain);
C. echo type($remain);
D. echo explain($remain);

32. Which of the following functions removes a directory from a file system?

A. rmdir()
B. dir()
C. del()
D. dir_gone()

33. What is the difference between sleep() and usleep()?

A. sleep() suspends operations and usleep() resumes them
B. sleep() accepts seconds and usleep() accepts milliseconds
C. sleep() works for the current process and usleep() works for all processes
D. sleep() can only be specified for the current user and usleep() can be specified for all users

34. You need to know how many elements are in an array. What function should you use to count this?

A. list()
B. count()
C. number()
D. sizeof()

35. Information about a session, by default, is configured in the PHP configuration file to be saved beneath which directory?

A. /var
B. /etc
C. /tmp
D. /usr

36. Which of the following contains variables provided to a script by means of the server environment?

A. $_FILES
B. $_POST
C. $_GET
D. $_ENV

37. Which of the following can be used to delete a file?

A. delete()
B. rid()
C. unlink()
D. close()

38. Which of the following functions can be used to destroy a variable?

A. erase
B. fi
C. remove
D. unset

39. Which mode of the fopen() function opens a file for writing and places the file pointer at the end of the file?

A. w
B. a
C. r+
D. w+

40. Which HTTP variable contains the browser type, and browser version, among other values?

A. BROWSE_AGENT
B. BROWSER_TYPE
C. BROWSER_ENV
D. HTTP_USER_AGENT

41. If the current value of $bsns is 4400, what is the new value as a result of this command: $bsns -= 150;

A. -150
B. 150
C. 4250
D. 4400
E. 4550
F. "4400-150"

42. What are used to enclose conditional expressions?

A. brackets [ ]
B. parentheses ( )
C. curly braces { }
D. quotation marks " "

43. Which PHP data type can be either TRUE or FALSE?

A. Truth
B. Integer
C. Boolean
D. Float

44. Which of the following contains variables provided to a script by means of file uploads?

A. $_FILES
B. $_POST
C. $_GET
D. $_ENV

45. Which constant identifies the highest random number that the system can generate?

A. URAND
B. END_NUMBER
C. ULIMIT
D. RAND_MAX

46. PHP provides support for POSIX through functions of which class?

A. grep
B. ereg
C. psx
D. efgrp

47. From a Boolean standpoint, every zero value in PHP is considered:

A. True
B. False
C. Error
D. Null

48. Which function places results in the opposite order of asort()?

A. arsort()
B. rev()
C. trosa()
D. zsort()

49. Which printf type specifier is used for a string?

A. d
B. f
C. s
D. u

50.Which PHP conditional operator means not equal to?

A. !=
B. =!
C. <=>
D. <>

Answers

1. The closing tag used by PHP is ?>. Answer: C.

2. The PHP conditional operator of three equal signs (===) means the values are equal and of the same data type. Answer: C.

3. PHP variable names are case sensitive and variables do not need to be declared before they can be used. Answer: A and D.

4. The include instruction will create a warning, but allow the script to continue running when an error is encountered. Answer: C.

5. There are at least three ways to create comments in a PHP script, and <comment is not one of them. Answer: B.

6. The \n escape character in PHP renders a linefeed. Answer: A.

7. The global configuration file is php.ini.

8. The command $AU++; increments the variable by one �C changing it from 7 to 8. Answer: A.

9. The printf type specifier f is used for a floating point value. Answer: B.

10. The PHP logical operator to use to see if both a and b are true would be a && b. Answer: B.

11. The first entry is 0, the second is 1, and the numbers increment from there. Answer: D.

12. The srand() function must be called to send the random number generator before array_rand(). Answer: C.

13. The default order resulting from a sort utilizing asort() is alphabetic (A-Z) and lowest to highest (0-9). Answer: A and C.

14. Variable names cannot begin with a numeric character. Answer: B.

15. The opening tag used by PHP is <?php. Answer: A.

16. Curly braces are used to separate blocks of statements within a control structure. Answer: C.

17. The settype function can be used to assign a data type to a variable. Answer: C.

18. The REMOTE_ADDR HTTP variable contains the IP address of the machine making a request. Answer: D.

19. The POST method should be used for a form as described. Answer: A.

20. If the result is not a whole number, it is assigned the double data type If it is a whole number, integer is assigned. Answer: B.

21. The r+ mode of the fopen() function opens a file for reading or writing, maintains exiting content, and places the file pointer at the beginning of the file. Answer: C.

22. The copy() function can be used to copy a file. Answer: A.

23. To set a cookie to expire 24 hours from now, compute the number of seconds and use the time() function: $cookie_expire = time() +86400. Answer: C.

24. The semicolon character (;) is used as a statement terminator to indicate the end of a PHP command. Answer: D.

25. The command $days = array(); will initialize the $days array. Answer: B.

26. The file_exists() function can be used to see if a file by the given name is already in existence. Answer: D.

27. The value of $_COOKIE[user] is equal to what was set in the cookie. Answer: C.

28. The array_merge() function should be used to combine two or more existing arrays. Answer: B.

29. The function to use is session_start()

30. After opening a file with the fopen() function, fclose() is used to close the file pointer. Answer: A.

31. The gettype function can be used to show the data type for a variable. Answer: B.

32. The rmdir() function removes a directory from a file system. Answer: A.

33. sleep() accepts seconds and usleep() accepts milliseconds. Answer: B.

34. The sizeof() function can tell how many elements are in an array Answer: D.

35. Information about a session, by default, is configured in the PHP configuration file to be saved beneath /tmp. Answer: C.

36. $_ENV contains variables provided to a script by means of the server environment. Answer: D.

37. The unlink() function can be used to delete a file. Answer: C.

38. The unset function can be used to destroy a variable. Answer: D.

39. The "a" mode of the fopen() function opens a file for writing and places the file pointer at the end of the file. Answer: B.

40. The HTTP_USER_AGENT HTTP variable contains the browser type, and browser version, among other values. Answer: D.

41. This operation subtracts 150 from the existing value. Answer: C.

42. Parentheses are used to enclose conditional expressions. Answer: B.

43. The Boolean PHP data type can be either TRUE or FALSE. Answer: C.

44. $_FILES contains variables provided to a script by means of file uploads. Answer: A.

45. The RAND_MAX constant identifies the highest random number that a system can generate. Answer: D.

46. PHP provides support for POSIX through functions of the ereg class. Answer: B.

47. From a Boolean standpoint, every zero value in PHP is considered false. Answer: B.

48. The arsort() function places results in the opposite order of asort(). Answer: A.

49. The printf type specifier s is used for a string. Answer: C.

50. The != PHP conditional operator means not equal to. Answer: A.

Emmett Dulaney is the author of the several books on Linux/Unix and certification as well as a columnist for UnixReview.com. Emmett's blog can be found at: http://edulaney.blogspot.com, and he can be reached (and welcomes your comments) at: edulaney@insightbb.com.

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